FLQ Crisis Essay -- essays research papers

On October 5, 1970, British trade commissioner James Cross was kidnapped in his Westmount home by members of the terrorist group Front de liberation du Quebec. The FLQ Manifesto called for non-democratic separation to be brought about by acts of terror. From 1963 to 1967, the FLQ planted 35 bombs; from 1968 to 1970 they planted over 50 bombs. By the fall of 1970 the terrorist acts of the FLQ cells had claimed 6 lives. The kidnappers' demands included the release of a number of convicted or detained FLQ members and the broadcasting of the FLQ Manifesto. The Manifesto was read on Radio-Canada. Then, on October 10th, the Quebec minister of justice guaranteed safe passage to anywhere in the world for the kidnappers in exchange for the safe release of Cross. That same day Pierre Laporte, a famed Quebec reporter, author of The True Face of Duplessis, and the minister of immigration and labour in the Quebec government, was kidnapped by a different FLQ cell on the lawn of his suburban home. Laporte's kidnapping triggered a phone call from Liberal Premier Robert Bourassa asking Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau to prepare the Canadian Armed Forces for action in Quebec and to declare War Measures. Two days later, October 12, Trudeau summoned armed troops to guard potential targets in Ottawa and Montreal such as cabinet ministers, John Diefenbaker, who was on the FLQ hit list, and federal buildings. On the following day, October 13, Peter Reilly of CJOH and I were at the west door of the Centre Block of the House of Commons. Reilly was asking Trudeau some basic questions in a laconic, unemotional style about the army and tanks being in Ottawa. Suddenly we were joined by CBC reporter Tim Ralfe who asked Trudeau a very emotional question about his decision to invoke the War Measures Act. Pierre Trudeau interview An angry Trudeau replied: "There's a lot of bleeding hearts around who just don't like to see people with helmets and guns. All I can say is go on and bleed." "How far are you going to go?" Ralfe insisted."Just watch me!" said Trudeau. And Canadians across the country watched as, at 3 o'clock in the morning, Friday, October 16, Trudeau invoked the War Measures Act. The Press Gallery was packed. Trudeau was careful, cold, analytic - and brilliant. The invocation of the War Measures Act meant the suspension of traditional Canadian civil l... ...erre LaPorte, the Quebec Minister of Labour, and James Cross, The British Trade Commissioner to Canada, were kidnapped by the FLQ. Prime Minister Trudeau put into effect the War Measures Act for the first time in Canadian history during peace time. He did this without consulting parliament. However, parliament voted three days later to approve the use of the act. The civil liberties of the citizens of Canada were suspended while the act was in force. In a few cities, officials used the WMA to clean up the streets, picking up "undesirables" and throwing them into jail. More than 450 people were jailed in Quebec for suspected connections to the FLQ. Most were later released without any charges being laid. After the War Measures Act was put into effect, no other public figures in Canada were kidnapped. Eventually Pierre Laporte was murdered by his captors and Cross was released unharmed after his kidnappers were flown to exile in Cuba. But for many in Quebec, the question was raised : what might the federal government do if Quebec ever did decide to leave Canada... the use of the army in the streets and t he loss of civil liberties left a bad taste in many people's mouths.

Peak Oil

During my research on peak oil and energy resources, climate change, and the capacity of the Earth to support human life, I found that there was much information available on the issues (i. e. , the relevant science, data, and facts were already available), but that much of it was not synthesized to make a comprehensive and complete picture (i. e. , complete with accurate data and comprehensive analyses). So, some of the people who may be aware of peak oil (or climate change) may not fully understand the consequences. And, while some people may be concerned about peak oil, they may be unaware of the extent of the climate change crisis†¦And vice versa. For instance, many policymakers and negotiators are arguing with little progress over the wrong climate targets (i. e. , an average global temperature increase of 2 o C above pre-Industrial Revolution levels by limiting the atmospheric CO 2 concentration to 450 ppm), while assuming that anything resembling business as usual energy consumption and economic growth is possible. Yet, the scientific evidence and projections clearly indicate that all of these targets and assumptions are very incorrect and woefully inadequate.As another example, much of the peak oil literature does not offer the reader a comprehensive explanation of peak oil and its potential impacts on society. The information is very good, but much of it focuses on one or only several issues, which may leave many readers unfamiliar with peak energy issues with more questions than answers about the issue, its consequences, or how to adapt to it. Similarly, much climate literature does not consider energy scarcity or population limits in their analyses. It became obvious to me that writing this report was one of the most important acts I could do for the public, right now.All discourse and policy on these issues must be based on the current and correct data and science, if it is to have a chance to succeed. This report is an attempt to synthesize an d holistically analyze the current state of knowledge on these important and inter-related issues. Despite the inherent uncertainties stemming from the data, science, and predictive power of models, the overall analysis provides a clear picture of the orders of magnitude and probability distributions of current and future global changes.Ultimately, this report is for the public for the benefit of humanity. It is a warning and a call to action. Since peak oil and climate change are occurring now without much of the public's awareness, this report may also act as a sort of history so that people in the future may be able to understand what happened to the world regarding peak energy, climate change and economic and societal collapse, after the fact. Future generations should know what happened during this period of history in order to learn from the past mistakes of humanity.Hopefully, this report may contribute to a smoother and less disastrous post-peak oil transition period by warn ing people of the impending crises. When I set out to investigate peak oil and energy resources, it was with the intention to either: disprove peak oil theory and/or the predicted timings of when peak oil and energy resources would occur; or to communicate what is peak oil and the potential crisis, if I could not disprove peak oil and its urgency. The deeper I investigated peak oil and energy resource issues, the more it became clear that peak oil was a very severe and imminent crisi

The Characters Dick, Jane, and Spot Essay - 1255 Words

The Characters Dick, Jane, and Spot Dick, Jane, and Spot are all characters that are used to teach Elementary School Children reading and spelling skills. Spelling is a difficult concept to master, especially when learning the spelling of American Standard English. George Bernard Shaw said that the word fish might as well be spelled ghoti--using gh as in rough, o is in women and ti as in vacation(Glazer 99). Sometimes the spelling of certain words can seem illogical and may have no other similar spelling in the language. When a young child looks at these words, the student cannot use logic to spell certain†¦show more content†¦It is like the information gets lost on the way to the brain. Discrepancy means the connection between the learning disabled students achievement and ability. One example the web site gives is, Its kind of like a baseball player who has the ability to hit home runs but is given a broken bat to use. He doesnt have the chance to prove how great he really is. Learning disabled students are not all the same, but they all have similar processing difficulties and learning difficulties. Students with learning disabilities require more patience and one on one attention from teachers, making it difficult for them to be in a class with children who do not have learning disabilities. These children are usually put in special education classes where the class sizes are smaller and the teachers are trained to teach these children. There are three methods that must be used to teach spelling correctly and effectively. The first is that spelling instruction should not be restricted to a study of relationships between letters and sounds but should also entail a comprehensive study of the structural and semantic relationships of words(Hodges 419). Teachers must incorporate spelling with reading and writing. A child will not be able to further his spelling skills unless he is continuously practicing and using his spelling knowledge. Also, if a child is constantly reading andShow MoreRelatedNative Traditions, Languages, And Customs From Their Ancestors1037 Words   |  5 Pages Both acculturation and assimilation was manifested in the reading In the Past’s Familiar Tongue by John E. Smelcer (2000: 321) who was part of Cherokee and Ahtna Athabaskan Indian ancestry. Assimilation can be similar to Smelcer’s (2000: 323) character, his father Charlie Smelcer, who was punished if he was caught speaking non-English, which cause many of his generation to forget about their Native language. The government boarding schools wanted the Alaska Natives children to recognized that theyRead MoreThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison2069 Words   |  9 Pageshad on the different characters. With the juxtaposition of Claudia MacTeer and Pecola Breedlove, who naively conforms to the barrier of social classes, we are able to understand how African American’s in 1940’s America, specifically Ohio, had to adapt to the white ideals/standards of beauty, which subsequently caused self-hatred. Morrison’s novel explores an array of African American characters, who encounter these barriers in several different ways. Through these characters, Morrison’s distortionRead More Digital Age Essay2060 Words   |  9 Pagesdigital technology in the near future will change the ethical, moral, and legal issues in every human being. According to the article Only disconnect, a taste of life in 2033, we can see the improvements of life at the work place. For example, Jane does not have to fight her way into work through rush hour traffic to sit at a desk in front of a big square box that would often crash. She can work when it suits her, and carries her office around in her pocket. She can transfer the filesRead MoreEssay about Phonics and Whole Language2721 Words   |  11 Pagesare not familiar. A familiar form of the whole language approach is illustrated in the books of â€Å"Dick and Jane† by publisher Scott Foresman (Chall, 1983). These books were brought about by the publisher sending out slick salesman to every school district to demonstrate how easily children could be taught to read through Dick and Jane (Chall, 1983). These stories had color pictures of Dick, Jane, and Spot (the dog) doing whatever the one-syllable word described. Look and Say dominated the school systemRead MoreTalk Shows5538 Words   |  23 Pages A talk show, on the other hand, is as a show that is quite clearly and self-consciously built around its talk. To remain on the air a talk show must adhere to strict time and money constraints, allowing time, for instance, for the advertising spots that must appear throughout the show. The talk show must begin and end within these rigid time limits and, playing to an audience of millions, be sensitive to topics that will interest that mass audience. For its business managers the television talkRead MoreClose Encounters of the Third Kind: A Review Essay2664 Words   |  11 PagesColombia Pictures in association with EMI Films. Colombia Pictures the same year is credited with the production of four other films which include Bobby Deerfield staring Al Pacino, The Deadly Triangle staring Dale Robinette, Fun With Dick and Jane staring George Segal and Jane Fonda, and last but not least Confessions from a Holiday Camp staring Robin Askwith. Although Colombia Pictures was credited with five productions in the year 1977 no picture was as monumental as the film Close Encounters of theRead MoreArchitectural Reuse5533 Words   |  23 Pagesexpressive reuse captures a bit of the richness that only the past makes known. While the reuse of materials alone cannot supplant the historical continuity of whole buildings or implant timelessness into new construction, it does contribute a patina and character to projects that can be particularly powerful if accompanied be personal associations. Salvaged materials are inherently durable and adaptable; symbols of the beauty and necessity of natural decay over premature destruction. The work of artists whoRead MoreGoal Movie Review10720 Words   |  43 Pagesâ€Å"There are two types of people in this world,† declared the elder Munez, â€Å"People in big houses, and people like us who cut their lawns and wash their cars.† But when Brit Glen Foy (Stephen Dillane), an amia ble former football player and sometime scout spots Santiago at a local L.A. match, he recognizes a deft, fast and brave footballer—the kind of talent that the glamorous English Premier League Club, Newcastle United, is hungry for. Now thrust into a foreign land where football is a religion and Newcastle’sRead MoreEssay on Fall of Asclepius95354 Words   |  382 PagesPatrick, did it come in? Yeah, he replied while reaching into his pocket. Patrick pulled out a small cardboard box. Your Japanese charm necklace came in. Here. He passed it to Thomas. He opened it and took out his necklace that had a Japanese character that hung from the string. What does that mean? Duncan asked. It means harmony, he replied. Did those katanas come in from Japan, yet Thomas asked Lucas. Both Lucas and Patrick were huge enthusiasts of Japanese culture. They collectedRead MoreThe Most Controversial American Presidents9333 Words   |  38 Pageson February 22, 1732, the first child of Augustine Washington and his second wife, Mary Ball Washington, on their Popes Creek Estate near present-day Colonial Beach in Westmoreland County, Virginia. His father had four children by his first wife, Jane Butler: two died young, but two sons survived (Lawrence, born circa 1718, and Augustine, born circa 1720), making George the third son, but very much younger. Moving to Ferry Farm in Stafford County at age six, George was educated in the home by his